The Challenge of Air Quality in Indiana and How to Protect Your Health

A Growing Concern: Indiana's Struggle with Air Pollution

The American Lung Association’s State of the Air 2024 report paints a sobering picture for Indiana residents, particularly those in metropolitan areas like Indianapolis-Carmel-Muncie. Based on data collected from 2020 to 2022, Indianapolis ranked as the 11th most polluted city in the nation for year-round particle pollution. Even more alarming, Marion County, encompassing Indianapolis, received an "F" grade for both ground-level ozone and particle pollution — clear indicators of serious and persistent air quality challenges.

How Indiana Cities Rank for Air Pollution

• Indianapolis:

  • 11th worst for annual particle pollution out of 208 metropolitan areas

  • 21st worst for 24-hour particle pollution out of 225 metropolitan areas

  • 54th worst for high ozone days out of 228 metropolitan areas

• Gary: Often impacted by heavy industrial activity and air pollution drift from Chicago, Gary frequently records "Moderate" to "Poor" air quality.

• South Bend: Ranked 42nd worst for ozone pollution.

• Terre Haute: Ranked 45th worst for year-round particle pollution.

• Northwest Indiana (Lake Michigan region): Cities like Hammond and East Chicago struggle with high pollution levels due to industrial sources and proximity to Chicago.
  

Why Indiana’s Air Quality Is So Poor

Multiple factors contribute to Indiana's troubling air pollution levels:

1. Industrial Emissions

Indiana's industrial backbone — including steel mills, chemical plants, and power plants — releases major pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

2. Vehicle Emissions

With high per capita vehicle miles traveled, Indianapolis contributes heavily to NOx, CO, and hydrocarbon emissions, exacerbating ground-level ozone formation, especially during warm, sunny months.

3. Agricultural Activities

Large-scale farming releases ammonia from fertilizers and methane from livestock, further degrading air quality.

4. Transboundary Pollution

Pollutants from neighboring industrial cities like Chicago, and even wildfires from Canada, can drift into Indiana, compounding local pollution problems.

5. Weather Conditions

Stagnant air, temperature inversions, and warm, sunny days trap pollutants close to the ground, leading to dangerous spikes in ozone and particulate levels.

6. Household and Other Sources

Burning trash, using certain paints, heating methods, and everyday cleaning products can also worsen indoor and outdoor air quality.

Pollutants of Major Concern

• Particulate Matter: Tiny particles that penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, increasing the risk of heart and lung diseases.

• Ground-Level Ozone : A harmful gas that can cause chest pain, coughing, and breathing difficulties.

• Sulfur Dioxide: Contributes to acid rain and severe respiratory issues.

• Nitrogen Oxides: Key contributors to ozone formation and respiratory distress.
  

Protecting Yourself: Health Tips for Indiana Residents with Lung Diseases

For those with conditions like asthma, COPD, or other respiratory illnesses, Indiana’s poor air quality poses a serious health threat. Here’s how to stay safe:

1. Stay Informed About Air Quality

• Check daily AQI reports on AirNow.gov or weather apps.

• Pay close attention to color-coded health warnings.
  

2. Limit Outdoor Activities

• Avoid outdoor exercise when AQI levels are "Unhealthy" or worse.

• Steer clear of peak pollution times (afternoon and early evening).
  

3. Create a Cleaner Indoor Environment

• Keep windows closed on bad air days.

• Use air conditioning on recirculate mode.

• Invest in a HEPA air purifier for cleaner indoor air.

• Avoid indoor activities that release pollutants like burning candles or using aerosol sprays.
  

4. Take Precautions When Outdoors

• Wear an N95 or KN95 mask to filter out fine particulate matter.

• Avoid walking or exercising near busy roads and highways.
  

5. Manage Your Health Proactively

• Stick to prescribed medications.

• Keep rescue inhalers or emergency medications on hand.

• Stay current with flu and pneumonia vaccinations to prevent complications.
  

6. Advocate for Cleaner Air

• Support clean energy initiatives and stricter pollution regulations.

• Educate your community about the importance of cleaner air.
  

7. Consult Healthcare Professionals

• Discuss personalized protection strategies with your doctor.

• Develop an action plan to manage symptoms during periods of poor air quality.
  

Final Thoughts

Indiana's air pollution problem — driven by a combination of industrial activity, vehicle emissions, and environmental factors — is not just an environmental issue; it's a public health crisis. Particularly for vulnerable populations, such as those with lung disease, staying vigilant and proactive is essential.

Clean air is not a luxury — it’s a necessity for healthy living. By staying informed, minimizing exposure, and advocating for systemic change, residents can protect their health and work towards a healthier Indiana for all.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for advice tailored to your specific health needs, especially regarding respiratory conditions and air quality concerns.